Les sept vies du pain : Pascal Auriat, boulanger à Laguiole

Published by Wednesday, May 4, 2011 Permalink 0

Dictionnaire Universel du Painpar Jean-Philippe de Tonnac

Click here for English version

On associe traditionnellement le nom de Laguiole, petit village des hauts plateaux de l’Aubrac aveyronnais, à celui d’un restaurateur émérite, autodidacte génial qui a décroché en 1999 sa troisième étoile ainsi que la considération des gourmets du monde entier : Michel Bras. Dans le monde de la haute cuisine, il est regardé comme un touche-à-tout surdoué qui, dans son laboratoire arrimé au Puech du Suquet, invente sans patron, sans modèle et fait de nombreux imitateurs. On peut imaginer combien ceux qui ont fait une halte dans ses cuisines ont été profondément marqués par la fréquentation d’un homme qui donne l’impression d’habiter un temps différent du vôtre. Peut-être a-t-il été moine cistercien dans une autre vie, cherchant à introduire dans ses compositions culinaires des formulations secrètes inspirées par le nombre d’or. Lorsqu’on demande à Michel Bras ce qui l’inspire le plus dans son cheminement créatif, il répond : « C’est la photographie et la course à pied ! ». Autrement dit, l’ascèse et la contemplation. Pascal Auriat, boulanger à Laguiole, en tous les cas, transpire encore de cette fréquentation avec le cuisinier ascète-esthète. Lorsqu’il parle de ses années passées chez Bras, il évoque une sorte de « conversion » à ce qui aujourd’hui le retient durablement : l’alchimie des fermentations.

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Un boulanger ne fait pas le printemps mais y contribue (2)

Published by Friday, April 15, 2011 Permalink 0

Dictionnaire Universel du Painpar Jean-Philippe de Tonnac

Click here for English version

La révolution du Berger

La boulangerie française est en secrète révolution. Elle s’adapte à un monde qui change. Elle redécouvre avec étonnement son passé immémorial. Elle se réinvente à la lumière des expertises scientifiques qui lui font mieux connaître les blés, les ferments, le sel, l’eau avec lesquels elle travaille. Elle cherche à dynamiser ses équipes dédiées à la production et à la vente. C’est dans ce dernier secteur que l’Etoile du Berger innove résolument.

Franck Debieu, son créateur, donne l’impression de s’être échappé d’un tableau de Fragonard. Extrême douceur mariée à une exigence extrême. Les mariages, c’est son obsession. Les atouts de ce boulanger entrepreneur sont multiples. Intelligence des matières et des hommes. Sens de la boulangerie qui retrouve sa place dans une société française en totale dé/recomposition. Intuitions, audaces, sens du commerce. Il a voyagé pendant sept ans comme compagnon sur le Tour de France, puis comme expert auprès des boulangers dans le monde entier. Il a étudié différentes formes de levain, dont un levain liquide qui a fini par avoir sa préférence. Il a ouvert trois magasins à l’enseigne de l’Etoile du Berger à Sceaux, Fontenay aux Roses et Meudon, aux portes sud de la capitale, où il propose un pain qui tient les promesses qu’on avait placé dans ce compagnon boulanger.

L’Etoile désormais allumée au firmament de la boulangerie, Franck s’est attelé à cette tâche innovante et prometteuse : évaluer le potentiel exact d’une équipe de boulange(è)r(e)s – pâtissie(è)r(e)s aguerris, d’une part, d’une équipe de vendeu(r)s(es) d’autre part et imaginer entre l’une et l’autre des passerelles, des transferts, des complicités cachées. La boulangerie a commencé à se réinventer en France par les fournils, une fois libéré la force créatrice des artisans (libération des prix en 1987 et décret de la baguette de tradition française en 1993), mais elle est encore loin d’avoir traduit ces changements au niveau de la vente. Demeure une ligne Maginot entre le fournil et le magasin, traditionnellement entre le boulanger et son épouse, même si les protagonistes ont changé, les fonctions évolué.

La petite révolution de l’Etoile est donc d’inviter ceux qui produisent à vendre et ceux qui vendent à produire. Inacceptable, l’attitude du boulanger enfermé dans son fournil qui ne se soucie pas de ceux qui vont manger son pain. Inacceptable, l’attitude de la vendeuse qui annone sa leçon à propos du pain « sur levain liquide » et qui n’a jamais plongé ses mains dans l’onctueuse pétrissée durant ses longues heures de pointage. Si la vendeuse franchie les portes du fournil, enfile le tablier, inventorie les entrants de la recette dont elle ne connaît que le stade final (la « tourte du grenier », le « pavé du Berger », l’ « épeautre et graines de lin bio », le « torchon abricot », le « cœur de rêve », etc.), fait tourner le pétrin, façonne, enfourne, écoute la petite musique du ressuage, alors il y a une sorte de « déclic », une petite illumination, après quoi la vente n’aura plus jamais la même saveur. Ni le monde. Ces jours dans le fournil lui donnent des ailes. Même chose pour le mutique artisan qui montre le bout de son nez enfariné dans le magasin et découvre tout à trac ce que sont les mangeurs de pain. Bigre !

Ajoutez à ces roques, le sentiment partagé par quelques-uns dans la profession qu’il est temps de féminiser les fournils, à partir du moment où la mécanisation du process permet de solliciter musculairement les acteurs d’une manière plus yin. « Féminiser les fournils | masculiniser la vente » pourrait être le devise d’un Berger qui cherche à favoriser toutes les mobilités et partant, of course, la c.r.é.a.t.i.v.i.t.é.

Sabrina Tesan, responsable d’une équipe de vente et actuellement en formation pour passer son CAP de pâtissière : « Plus que tout, c’est de vivre ce rapport à la matière qui me donne du plaisir. » Stéphanie Jiménez King, responsable des ventes : « L’Etoile du Berger m’a permis de vivre une énorme évolution en commençant en tant qu’apprentie pour devenir responsable des ventes. L’Etoile n’est pas pour moi qu’une boulangerie de haute qualité. Elle est une école de la vie. » Mathieu Taillasson, responsable de site : « Le fait d’avoir suivi une formation en management m’a beaucoup apporté dans la gestion des relations humaines. » David Johanet, responsable pour les trois sites : « Le fait de devenir responsable boulanger de l’ensemble des sites m’a permis de développer mes compétences et ma capacité d’ouverture pour mieux écouter mes collaborateurs et ainsi mieux les épauler. J’ai aussi développé mon écoute pour comprendre les attentes des autres secteurs comme la vente, ce qui nous permet de mieux gérer l’organisation et l’humain. »

La réussite de Franck Debieu ne se qualifie pas seulement en terme de chiffre d’affaire. D’une manière qui saute aux yeux lorsqu’on découvre l’une de ses boulangeries, le pain fait chez lui des heureux de deux sortes : ceux qui le dégustent | ceux qui le font & le vendent. Un mariage, donc, entre le phalanstère et la libre entreprise, le muscle et le cœur, l’acidité (du levain) et la douceur.

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Book Review: Jean-Philippe de Tonnac’s “Dictionnaire Universel du Pain” or Universal Dictionary of Bread

Published by Wednesday, April 13, 2011 Permalink 0

by Jonell Galloway

Jean-Philippe de Tonnac, contributor to The Rambling Epicure, has written more than 20 books on subjects as varied as Umberto Eco, anorexia and, in October 2010, his masterpiece, the Dictionnaire Universel du Pain, or “Universal Dictionary of  Bread,” a veritable encyclopedia about every facet of  bread from all corners of the earth. The dictionary — not yet translated into English — covers the history of bread, as well as anthropological, symbolic, emotional, sexual, agricultural, botanical aspects . . . well, absolutely everything you might want to know about bread, literally from crop to crust (to borrow Dan Lepard‘s term), with every technical step in the process of bread baking covered in minute detail.

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Looking for a restaurant for this weekend? Here’s your restaurant finder

Published by Friday, April 8, 2011 Permalink 0

by Jonell Galloway

Click here to go to iTaste in English.

http://www.itaste.com/?partner=138

The restaurant social network iTaste is the perfect place to look for a restaurant that suits your budget, taste, mood, etc. It allows you to choose your criteria and then generates a list that meets them. Over time, you can form a network of friends who have the same taste in food as you.

The network started by covering Switzerland, France, Belgium, Germany and Italy, but is swiftly spreading around the world.

According to founder Paul de la Rochefoucauld, it functions more or less like Wikipedia, allowing users to correct or add to existing information, or even add restaurants that are not yet listed. For the moment, it includes about 70,000 restaurants and has 40,000 network members.

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National Sustainable Development Week in France, Paris AMAPs in Full Swing

Published by Friday, April 8, 2011 Permalink 0

by Eric Burkel

Without actually achieving that holiest of grails, sustainable development, and without going doing the path of ascertaining whether Mother Earth really needs more development, sustainable or otherwise, a world-leading auditing firm outside Paris opened its doors yesterday at lunchtime to host an event to offer up a few solutions that might help its employees reduce their environmental footprint.

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The Truffle-hunting Pig of Lalbenque

Published by Thursday, March 31, 2011 Permalink 0

David Downie: Truffles in Black and White: Part Four of Four: the Truffle-hunting Pig of Lalbenque

by David Downie

At Lalbenque, 10 kilometers southeast of Le Montat in southwest France, legendary truffle-hunter Marthe Delon awaited me with her spotted pig.

“This is Kiki the 59th,” Marthe laughed. “Every year I change pigs, they grow too big, but I always name them Kiki.”

Delon, a larger-than-life character now in her eighties, was famous for her truffle omelettes when she was the cook at Lalbenque’s Lion d’Or café, a job she held for 30 years. In her kitchen, she showed me how to store eggs and truffles side by side in a sealed container. “After a day or so the truffle penetrates the eggshell, and that’s the secret of great truffle omelette. The other secret is to put in lots of truffle—a good 10 grams per omelette.”

Before widespread spore-impregnation started in the 1980s, Delon said, she rarely found brumales. Truffle growers used “natural” propagation methods: host trees grew from acorns taken from known truffle-bearing oaks and were replanted in spore-rich areas, a continual process.

For Marthe, lack of summer rainstorms is the key to falling harvests. Dogs, too, may be part of the problem. “Everyone had pigs, you ate them afterwards, like my Kikis. No need to train them, they love truffles, but only ripe truffles, so they don’t dig up immature ones the way dogs do,” she said, pawing at the air. “How are immature truffles supposed to reproduce?”

A freezing wind blew down Lalbenque’s slanting main street as sellers set out wooden benches and wicker baskets for the town’s century-old Tuesday truffle market, held from early November to mid-March. Deals were being done quietly even before the whistle blew at precisely 2:30pm, officially opening the market. Wholesale buyers, chefs and individuals inspected the truffles, which are always sold by the panier (basketful), dickering with sellers for each panier then scribbling offers on paper strips. When a seller pocketed a paper strip it signaled a sale. After a ten-minute flurry of hands, baskets and paper strips the market was over. From parked cars wholesale buyers took out old-fashioned scales, checked the weight of their purchases and paid sellers.

Scrupulously noting the day’s 92 basketfuls, totaling 45 kilos, veteran French government agricultural statistics recorder Odet Bazalgues tipped back his cap as he spoke to me. “Down from a year ago,” he sighed, tapping his notebook. “Again.” Tons of truffles used to be traded weekly in Lalbenque, he remarked. “It’s still among France’s main markets. Wholesale prices for the rest of the country are set here.” The day’s top-quality truffles sold for 850 euros per kilo. “Good news?” Bazalgues ironized. “Fewer brumales this season.”

Two days later, at the Thursday truffle market in nearby Limogne-en-Quercy, I witnessed similar rites and an even lower melanosporum yield, and returned to Cahors with grave concerns about the future of truffles.

Housed within Cahors’ Hôtel Terminus, Le Balandre is a handsome, century-old restaurant; both are owned and operated by chef Gilles Marre, his brother Laurent, a sommelier, and their families. Cheerful and plump, Marre is celebrated for his truffle recipes. To start, he served me exquisite Belle Epoque-style poached eggs and foie gras in puff pastry with shaved truffles, the house specialty since before World War One. Next came a heady shepherd’s pie of leeks, potatoes, bacon and truffles. As I finished my meal with an extraordinary glace aux truffes that looked and even tasted like earthy chocolate chip ice cream, I gazed at the restaurant’s stained glass and polished brass and felt I was on the deck of a truffle Titanic.

Marre agreed with others I had spoken to that the French and Italian passion for truffles showed no signs of abating. “Scarcity is the prime worry,” he said.

Scarcity is likely to increase unless truffle plantations worldwide succeed. The truffle axis, it appears, may gradually shift from Italy and France to Spain, America, China and New Zealand, and more competitive, less flavorful truffle species may well prevail. What does the future hold for the black and white truffles of France and Italy? Current trends suggest that global consumers may actually come to prefer “milder” truffles such as Chinese indicum and their relatively low prices. European truffles appear destined to become ever more a rare delicacy reserved to the lucky few.

Related articles: David Downie: Truffles in Black and White: Part Two, Truffle Hunting in PiedmontDavid Downie: Truffles in Black and White: Part Three: the Truffle Heartland of Southwest France.

The photos in this series of articles of truffles were taken by Alison Harris. You can see the entire set as a slide show in Food Art: Behind the Scenes of the Noble Truffle, food photography by Alison Harris.

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Food News: The Rambling Epicure and iTaste are teaming up

Published by Friday, March 11, 2011 Permalink 0

by Jonell Galloway

The new Michelin guide for France came out last week and has caused much stir in the restaurant world. Many think the old-fashioned European restaurant guides such as GaultMillau and Michelin — once had-to-haves for any restaurant lover — are antiquated and stagnant and can’t keep up with our changing times, that they are ancien régime, dinosaurs of times past.

This may well be. While restaurants come and go, some restaurant goers continue to yearn for the traditional cooking of the past, insisting that today’s young chefs don’t even know all the basic techniques of Cuisine, with a capital “C.” In 2010, UNESCO declared that the French gastronomic meal is part of French cultural heritage, defining specific rules and social occasions for partaking of it, as if it were a species in danger of extinction.

Others, such as food critic David Downie, in his article “Surveying the Paris food scene: a mecca again — but is it French?” on Gadling, and Jean-Philippe de Tonnac in his review of Au Revoir to All that: The Rise and Fall of French Cuisine by Michael Steinberger, dare to question whether the French restaurant scene is still French, yet conclude that it doesn’t matter. Paris and France will always be the Elysian Fields of the food gods, no matter what their nationality, and innovation has never stopped.

What has changed is the way we eat — lighter — and the way we choose restaurants. In France and Switzerland, as in most places, the traditional restaurant guides are often outdated before they even go to print. Restaurants come and go, as do chefs. Establishments are no longer bastions of a certain type of cuisine by a certain chef. Because of this, on-line guides are more flexible and can change with the times. They can be updated daily or even hourly, unlike printed guides.

It is for this reason that The Rambling Epicure is partnering with iTaste, a Swiss-based restaurant social network, which is quickly spreading its antennae all over Europe. iTaste refers to itself as “the food critics’ social network” and “the web’s gourmet word of mouth network.”

The beauty of iTaste is that you can define your tastes in restaurants, read reviews of user-critics with similar taste, and follow their reviews on a regular basis, just as you do with any social network.

Their argument is that Google is convenient, but a human search engine is even better. In the iTaste communitiy, each iTaster becomes a food critic and shares his or her reviews with their contacts and followers.

iTaste was founded by Paul de la Rochefauld in Geneva, Switzerland, and has slowly been spreading its wings to the rest of Europe, including France, Germany, Italy and Belgium. It is in French, English and German. Since it gives you the possibility of entering a location and a restaurant, its possibilities are endless. You can even be the first one to start by entering your favorite restaurant in your home country. See you there!

Click here to go to iTaste.




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Switzerland has its own AOCs!

Published by Sunday, February 27, 2011 Permalink 0

by Jonell Galloway

When it comes to wine and food, a name is not just a name

Switzerland has had AOCs for a while now, but on 14 January 2010, the Swiss federal agriculture office, OFAG, published an official bulletin containing a list of approximately 800 appellations of origin and geographical indications, roughly the equivalent of the French Appellations d’Origine Contrôlée (AOC). These were voted in in the context of a reciprocal agreement with the EU, and are to be protected and respected throughout the EU.

GruyereAOC-Switzerland-the rambling epicure-jonell galloway-genevalunch-cheese

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Chartres, Easy Getaway from Geneva: Restaurant St-Hilaire

Published by Friday, January 21, 2011 Permalink 0
by Jonell Galloway

Rambling ’round France: Chartres Cathedral, a Gothic Wonder

Chartres makes for an easy, affordable weekend jaunt. There is no lack of things to do.

The Gothic cathedral is of course, the main thing to see, and you can spend 2 days just exploring that.

The cathedral itself, both inside and out, is truly one of the wonders of the world. The crypt includes a Romanesque church on top of which the cathedral was built, Roman ruins, an old Druid well, and a gallery that was probably used by the Druids to worship Bellissima, and later converted into a chapel dedicated to the Mother and Child of Chartres (it is said that the Druid goddess Bellissima also held a baby in her arms, although in a different position from the classic Christian manner).

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